2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol: Properties, Uses, Synthesis, and Safety

2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a versatile organic compound widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. This article provides a detailed overview of its properties, applications, synthesis methods, safety profile, and toxicity, answering common questions users search for online.

1. Properties of 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol

• Chemical Formula: C₄H₁₁NO

• Molecular Weight: 89.14 g/mol

• Appearance: Colorless to light yellow liquid

• Boiling Point: 157–159°C

• Melting Point: 18–20°C

• Density: ~0.93 g/cm³

• Solubility: Highly soluble in water and alcohol; miscible with many polar organic solvents

• pH: Alkaline due to the presence of a primary amine group

AMP is a colorless, hygroscopic liquid with both amine and hydroxyl functional groups, which gives it dual reactivity for chemical synthesis and pH adjustment applications.

2. Uses of 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol

2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is widely used in various industries for the following purposes:

• Chemical Intermediate: Used in the production of resins, surfactants, and coatings.

• Pharmaceutical Applications: Acts as a building block for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

• Cosmetics & Personal Care: Functions as a pH adjuster or buffering agent in skincare and haircare formulations.

• CO₂ Capture & Gas Treatment: Used in amine-based gas scrubbing systems to absorb carbon dioxide.

• Polyurethane Industry: Serves as a reactive amine in polyurethane foam production.

Its multifunctional nature as both an amine and alcohol makes it a preferred compound in many chemical processes.

3. Synthesis of 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol

2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol can be synthesized through:

• Reductive amination of 2-methyl-1-propanol derivatives: The primary alcohol reacts with ammonia or amines under catalytic hydrogenation conditions.

• Addition of ammonia to formaldehyde derivatives: Controlled reaction conditions yield AMP with high purity.

• Industrial methods typically use continuous reactors with strict temperature and pH control to ensure high yield and low impurities.

The synthesis approach is chosen based on desired purity, scale, and cost efficiency.

4. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol

Handling Precautions:

• Use gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing.

• Work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood.

• Avoid inhalation and skin or eye contact.

First Aid Measures:

• Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

• Skin Contact: Wash with plenty of soap and water.

• Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical care if irritation occurs.

• Ingestion: Rinse mouth and get medical help immediately; do not induce vomiting.

Storage & Stability:

• Store in a cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers.

• Keep away from strong oxidizers and acids.

Physical & Chemical Hazards:

• Flammability: Low, not highly flammable under normal conditions.

• Reactivity: Reacts with strong acids and oxidizing agents.

5. Is 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol Toxic?

2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol has low to moderate toxicity:

• It may cause skin or eye irritation upon contact.

• Inhalation of vapors can cause respiratory discomfort.

• Oral ingestion in large amounts may lead to gastrointestinal upset.

With proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and handling procedures, AMP is considered safe for industrial and laboratory use. However, exposure limits should always be followed according to local regulations.

Conclusion

2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is a valuable multifunctional chemical with applications across industrial, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. Understanding its properties, uses, synthesis methods, safety considerations, and toxicity ensures its effective and safe use in various applications.

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